Oliver Goldsmith's anti-sentimental comedy "She Stoops to Conquer" was written 1771, and first performed in London in 1773. A comedy of manners about mistaken identities, romantic entanglements, and the clash between social classes. It shows, "Love conquers all, appearances can be deceiving, social class is not everything." The play reflects the social and cultural norms of 18th-century England, including the rigid class system, the importance of reputation, and the growing emphasis on romantic love.
The play is set in 18th century England during the Georgian Era. It is a five-act comedy that explores social class and one's place in society in 18th century England. It's a satire on social manners that mocks the simple morality of sentimental comedies. She Stoops to Conquer is a classical low comedy. It's a laughing comedy that uses farcical elements and ironic twists. The play is also considered an example of anti-sentimental comedy. The play features a plot based on mistaken identity, disguise, and trickery.
As the plot unravels, Kate Hardcastle, a clever young woman, decides to pose as a barmaid to win Marlow's affection. This deception is encapsulated in Mrs. Hardcastle's remark, "I vow, Mr. Hardcastle, you're very particular. Is there a creature in the whole country but ourselves that does not take a trip to town now and then, to rub off the rust a little?"
The play's humor intensifies as Marlow, unaware of Kate's true identity, becomes more at ease with her in his assumed lower-class setting. This ironic situation is reflected in Marlow's own words, "Dear, charming creature! She can at any time command my heart, my hand; my fortune is at her devotion. But tell me, George, where could I find this face of hers, which I could purchase with my heart and hand?" The comedic tension builds, driven by the characters' misunderstandings and mistaken identities, offering a satirical commentary on societal norms and expectations.
The subplot involving Tony Lumpkin, Mrs. Hardcastle's mischievous son, adds another layer to the play's humor. Tony's rebellious spirit is evident in his quip, "I’m to be made unhappy for life, and persecuted perhaps for a murder or a highway robbery I never committed." This subplot contributes to the overall farcical atmosphere and highlights the contrast between the older and younger generations, emphasizing the generational clash that propels the play's comic momentum.
Amidst the comedic chaos, the play explores the theme of love and genuine connection. Kate's bold maneuvering challenges traditional gender roles, as seen in her declaration, "I was willing to show my lover what a fond thing he had despised; but, too soon, I found he could despise a fond thing no longer." This twist adds depth to the comedy, portraying a woman's agency in pursuing her desires and challenging societal norms.
To conclude, Goldsmith's play "She Stoops to Conquer" is a timeless comedy that skillfully navigates themes of class, love, and societal expectations. As the plot unfolds, the characters' grapple with societal expectations, challenging and subverting traditional roles. "She Stoops to Conquer" stands as a testament to Goldsmith's comedic genius, offering a delightful exploration of the complexities of love, class, and the human experience. According to G.B. Shaw, "Goldsmith's 'She Stoops to Conquer' is a classic comedy of manners that is still as funny today as it was when it was first written."
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