Classic to Modern English Literature

  Art of Fiction by Henry James A critical essay By Henry James Published in 1884 in Longman's Magazine Rebuttal to " Fiction as One of the Fine Arts "   In The Art of Fiction , James disagrees with Besant’s assertions that plot is more important than characterization, that fiction must have a “ conscious moral purpose ,” and that experience and observation outweigh imagination as creative tools. James argues against these restrictive rules for writing fiction, responding that “ no good novel will ever proceed from a superficial mind .”   James states three points: " Fiction is an Art in every way worthy to be called the sister and the equal of the Arts of Painting, Sculpture, Music, and Poetry " Art which, like them, is governed and directed by general laws; and that these laws may be laid down and taught with as much precision and exactness as the laws of harmony, perspective, and proportion. Fiction

Warrren Hastings(1772-85): The first law system was created in India in the time of the 1720s, it's likly around 1726. British India established courts in Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta, following a series of Charter Acts in the seventeenth century. On the other hand, Warren Hastings created judicial setups like Diwani Adalat and District Fauzdari Adalat. In Diwani Adalat, there was a president and two supreme councils. On the other hand, Fauzdari Adalat was established mainly for judging criminal cases, aided by Qazis and Muftis. The Sadar Adalat was maintained by the Deputy Nizam and supported by the Chief Qazi and Chief Mufti. Lord Cornwallis(1786-1793): At one point, Lord Cornwallis dissolved the District Fauzdari court and created Circuit Courts in Calcutta, Murshidabad, and Patna. A gradation was also created for Hindus and Muslims' civil rights, alongside the establishment of Munsiff Courts, Registrars, and District Courts. In the code of Lord Cornwallis (1793), some a

An Essay on Criticism is one of the first major poems written by the English writer,   Alexander Pope(1688–1744), published in 1711 when the author was 22 years old. It is the source of the famous quotations "To err is human; to forgive, divine", "A little learning is a dang'rous thing" (frequently misquoted as "A little knowledge is a dang'rous thing"), and "Fools rush in where angels fear to tread". The first fragmentary drafts of the work were written in Abberley in 1707. Composed in heroic couplets (pairs of adjacent rhyming lines of iambic pentameter) and written in the Horatian mode of satire, it is a verse essay primarily concerned with how writers and critics behave in the new literary commerce of Pope's contemporary age. The verse "essay" was not an uncommon form in the eighteenth-century poetry, deriving ultimately from classical forebears including Horace's Ars Poetica and Lucretius' De rerum Natura. Th

On the Sublime (Latin: De Sublimitate ) is a Roman-era Greek work of literary criticism dated to the 1st century C.E. Its author is unknown, but it is conventionally referred to as Longinus or Pseudo-Longinus.   The author is unknown. In the 10th-century reference manuscript ( Parisinus Graecus 2036 ), the heading reports "Dionysius or Longinus," an ascription by the medieval copyist that was misread as " by Dionysius Longinus ." The work was initially attributed to Cassius Longinus (c. 213–273 AD). Since the correct translation includes the possibility of an author named " Dionysius ," some have attributed the work to Dionysius of Halicarnassus , a writer of the 1st century BC.   Among further names proposed are Hermagoras of Temnos (a rhetorician who lived in Rome during the 1st century AD), Aelius Theon (author of a work which had many ideas in common with those of On the Sublime ), and Pompeius Geminus (who was in epistolary conversati